Confronting China’s pervasive maritime gray zone campaign

Published on October 30, 2025
Earth observation taken during a night pass over Taiwan by an Expedition 36 crew member on board the International Space Station. Credit: NASA / Karen Nyberg

China’s persistent use of maritime gray zone tactics poses a fundamental challenge to regional stability and the international order. These actions are designed to achieve strategic aims — territorial advancement and sovereignty erosion — without crossing the threshold of conventional armed conflict. Using ambiguity and indirect coercion, China seeks to “advance without attacking” and shape […]

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